Which of the following hemodynamic measurements is decreased in left heart failure?

In left heart failure, the heart's ability to effectively pump blood from the left ventricle is compromised, leading to a variety of hemodynamic changes. Cardiac output is the volume of blood the heart pumps per minute, and in left heart failure, this measurement is typically decreased because the heart is unable to maintain adequate forward blood flow. This results from the reduced contractility of the left ventricle and the resultant volume overload.

As cardiac output decreases, it can lead to inadequate perfusion of the body's tissues and organs, thus impacting overall cardiovascular function and patient health. It's essential to monitor this parameter closely in patients with left heart failure to manage their condition effectively.

On the other hand, central venous pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure often increase due to fluid backing up into the pulmonary circulation and systemic venous system because of the heart's inability to effectively move blood forward. Blood pressure can vary as well; in some cases, it might be normal, or even increase due to compensatory mechanisms, depending on the stage and severity of the heart failure.