What is the treatment protocol for a third-degree heart block?

The treatment protocol for a third-degree heart block, also known as complete heart block, involves the placement of a ventricular pacemaker. This type of heart block is characterized by a complete dissociation between the atrial and ventricular activity, meaning that the electrical signals from the atria do not reach the ventricles. As a result, the ventricles often rely on an intrinsic pacemaker, which typically generates a slower heart rate than normal and can lead to symptoms of bradycardia such as dizziness, fatigue, or syncope.

A ventricular pacemaker is necessary to establish an adequate heart rate and improve cardiac output. By providing an electrical stimulus to the ventricles, the pacemaker restores synchronized contraction and ensures that blood is effectively pumped throughout the body.

Other interventions, such as administering atropine or epinephrine, may be used for certain types of bradycardia but are not definitive treatments for a third-degree block. These medications are more suitable for temporary measures to increase heart rate but do not address the underlying issue of electrical dissociation. Therefore, the safe and effective management of a third-degree heart block relies on permanent pacing through the implantation of a ventricular pacemaker.