What is epiglottitis?

Epiglottitis is primarily a bacterial infection that leads to inflammation of the epiglottis, which is the flap of tissue located at the base of the tongue that covers the trachea during swallowing. When this area becomes inflamed, it can obstruct the airway and lead to serious respiratory distress, making it a medical emergency. Historically, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) was a common cause, though vaccination efforts have reduced its prevalence in younger populations.

Understanding the nature of epiglottitis emphasizes the importance of rapid diagnosis and management, especially in children, where symptoms can escalate quickly. Other conditions mentioned, such as viral infections or chronic asthma, do not accurately characterize epiglottitis's pathophysiology or its immediate implications on airway patency. Additionally, while benign swelling might occur in other contexts, the acute and potentially life-threatening nature of epiglottitis directly stems from its bacterial infection origin. Thus, recognizing epiglottitis as a bacterial infection causing airway inflammation is crucial for ensuring appropriate treatment and prevention strategies.