Metabolic acidosis can cause which of the following breathing patterns?

Metabolic acidosis is characterized by an increase in acidity in the body due to an accumulation of metabolic acids or a loss of bicarbonate. In response to this condition, the body attempts to compensate through hyperventilation, primarily to increase carbon dioxide (CO2) elimination and correct the acid-base balance.

Kussmaul's breathing, which is marked by deep and labored respirations, is a direct physiological response to metabolic acidosis. It occurs as the respiratory system works to expel CO2, thus helping to raise the pH level of the blood. This compensatory mechanism is particularly evident in cases like diabetic ketoacidosis, where the body experiences significant acidosis.

The other breathing patterns listed do not occur as a direct response to metabolic acidosis. Cheyne-Stokes respiration is often associated with conditions such as heart failure or increased intracranial pressure, characterized by a cycle of progressively deeper and shallower breathing. Apneustic breathing involves prolonged inhalation followed by a pause before exhalation, typically resulting from brain injuries affecting the respiratory centers. Biot's respiration, characterized by irregular breathing patterns with periods of apnea, can be seen in conditions involving damage to the medulla.

In summary, Kussmaul's